 ABOUT ARTEMIA
minimum age of Artemia: 100 million years; most scientists say they look like the same for that time
Natural occurrence: saline inland water, e.g. Great Salt Lake / Utah/USA
Number of eyes: one(!) as Nauplius; 3(!) as adult
Reproduction: the usual way (male and female); parthenogenesis (females only)
Reproduction types: ovoviviparous: nauplii hatch in the egg-sack (uterus, ovisac or brood pouch) and are born life after 4 days
oviparous: females deposit durable eggs (anabiotic reproduction)
also see glossary
Eggs: Size: 200-300μm, 3.5μgramms on average; Need to dry out to complete the development. I.e. they don't hatch before a dry cycle, otherwise the would hatch immediately in the water and no durable eggs would be left when the lake dries up.
Time after fertilization until nauplii/eggs are born/released: about 140 hours, depending on environmental conditions, species and whether reproduction occurs oviparous or ovoviviparous
Number of offsprings: 50-200 cysts about every 5 days
Sexually mature: 28C (82F): 12 days
20C (68F): 18-21 days
Male reproduction organs: 2(!)
First scientific description: Schlosser/Kuenen and Baas Becking in 1755
Number of legs: 11 pairs
Color: White to red, depending on the salt concentration and oxygen level. The blood of Artemia contains hemoglobin (haemoglobin) which is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood. The color of hemoglobin is red - our blood also contains lots of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin synthesis is activated by low oxygen concentration in the water. Red Artemia indicate oviparous reproduction, pale whitish Artemia indicate ovoviviparous reproduction.
Major differences between males and females: Male: 2 large antennae on it's head
Female: only tiny antennae, but large egg-sack (uterus, ovisac or brood pouch)
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 Hatch rate: up to 160000 nauplii from 1 gramm of eggs
Sizes: usually about 15mm (0.6inch) when matured
The hybrid Artemia Nyos (Sea Monkey) grows larger in less time; females are usually bigger than the males
Fairy vs. brine shrimp: The crustacea in the order Anostraca are collectively called fairy shrimps; a group which includes the brine shrimp (Artemia). Artemia live in saltwater, but there are fairy shrimp who live in freshwater.
Phototactism: Naupliae are positively phototactic (attracted by light); adults are negatively phototactic (swim away from light)
Temperature limits: Lethal temperature limits are 32F (0C) and 100F (38C)
Food: algae cells (non-filamentous), Protozoa, organic detritus particles, etc. with sizes of 40-60μm down to a few μm.
Hatch rate / time to hatch: To increase hatch rate and decrease time to hatch, the eggs can be treated with a chlorine solution. This solution etches away some of the eggs' shell and therefore allows the nauplius to hatch faster and more easily.
Health: Swimming speed: fast is good, slow is bad. Gut fill: well packed gut that is easy to see indicates good feeding; little or no food in the gut indicates poor food densities, an undesirable species of algae, or contamination of the tank
Pregnant females: Rather large eggsack (dark to red in color); swimming fast and are rather aggressive when meeting other Artemia
Schuman frequency: The Schuman Resonance is the frequency that the earth's cavity (space between the soil and the ionosphere) resonates. This frequency is between 6-8Hz - all biological systems operate in the same frequency range. So do the Artemia. |
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